At Ruberad’s request, I am reflecting on what I have learned from reading Genesis (beginning with chapter 12) with a rabbi (whose permission I have not asked to write publicly about our experience). It’s been more than I could have expected and I look forward to next fall when we will resume our hour a week together.
In order (I think) from least important to most important:
1) I have learned lots of facts, most new, some needing to be refreshed, such as what the midrash and mishnah are and what the relationship between the Torah and the Talmud is and, in broad strokes, what the relationships among various American Jewish branches are. RJ has told me several midrashim and made me envious about a class she once took on Genesis 22, the binding of Isaac, and the midrashim that has developed across the centuries about that passage. When I was relaying the interpretation of Walter Breuggemann about why Abraham had to leave his home, she listened in fascination and said, “What a wonderful midrash.”
2) I have learned that most Jews, even the more conservative ones, do not believe in what Christians call “original sin.” Perhaps this should not have surprised me, but it did and still does, especially in the aftermath of the Holocaust. Because I had read The Beginning of Wisdom prior to our time together, I had encountered this reality in Kass’ words: “Traditional interpretation, especially Christian, refers to this act of transgression as signaling the ‘fall of man’—though the expression nowhere occurs in the text. But if we read anthropologically, and in a wisdom-seeking spirit, what we have here instead is in fact the rise of man to his mature humanity—to be sure in all its pathos and ambiguity.” In this regard, then, Jews are closer to Muslims than they are to Christians despite the shared text of the Hebrew Bible. And naturally, this belief affects many other ones, especially about how to solve human problems at all levels.
3) Related to this what I have learned about the role of law in Jewish understanding. Naively I believed that (again, like Muslims, and as a corollary to #2) obeying the law is the Jewish path to salvation. RJ disabused me of this belief as well, and I found corroboration in a fine little book called Abraham’s Promise: Judaism and Jewish-Christian Relations (of which I have only read a couple of the essays) by Michael Wyschogrod. “I was particularly annoyed,” writes MW, “by the idea that Jews think they are saved by deeds while Christians know they are saved by faith and only by faith….If a Jew thought this, he would, in effect, be saying to God: Don’t do me any favors, don’t give me more than I deserve but also don’t give me less than I deserve, give me exactly what’s coming to me and then I have nothing to fear. I doubt any Jew in the history of Judaism has thought this. Every Jew knows, or should know, that if God were to pay him what he deserves, neither more nor less, he would be lost. His only chance depends on the mercy of God. If God decides to overlook his sorry record and to bestow mercy rather than justice on him, then he has a chance. But certainly not otherwise.
“So the Jew does not claim to be ‘justified’ by the works of the law but rather by the mercy of God. At the same time, this does not mean that he can do whatever he wishes….Only God justifies and he justifies far more on the basis of mercy than on the basis of rewards earned by good deeds” (231-232).
4) and 5) The next two belong together: The excitement of good questions and the value of good commentaries. Having been trained in inductive study by InterVarsity and having learned those lessons well, I have always regarded textual questions as the primary and privileged method of study. Commentaries are important (and here is a confession: I love to read good ones.) but only secondarily after personal study is completed or at least well under way. I am not used to going to a study lugging 15 pounds of commentaries with me (RJ calls is “show and tell” ☺) But in this context at least, the two are symbiotic. It was RJ who posed the question, why did Abraham have to leave his country and family? In fact, when I teach the Abraham chapters in Chr. Ed at church next fall, I am going to try to pose one huge question for each class period. My favorite commentaries for these chapters? The (Jewish) Leon Kass’s The Beginning of Wisdom, J. Gerald Kanzen’s Abraham and All the Families of the Earth, and Walter Brueggemann’s Genesis: Interpretation. One of the cool things I have learned, however, is how in at least one of RJ’s commentaries (some of it in Hebrew, some Aramaic and some English), the questions that the commentators raised are included in their own section, in addition to the “plain sense of the text” commentary and some selected midrashim. At least in that one commentary, the questions are central, just below the text and before the “plain sense” and (lastly) the midrashim.
The relationship between questions and commentaries has become crucial
to me because as I re-write the Qur’an Bible studies into chapters of a book of invitation into dialogue, I need to understand whether using an inductive (Bible) study technique is applying a foreign method of study on the Qur’an. Is it “western” or “Christian” methodology that will lead readers away from the essence of its message? I am coming to the conclusion that it is not as I read about the way Muslims relate to the Qur’an. I’ll let you know….
6) I have (re)learned the importance of Genesis. It is foundational for Christians as well as Jews, and at every point I have been able to relate a Christian interpretation of the text that highlights some aspect of the gospel. And in this regard, let me say that this is a true dialogue. I have no expectations about anyone changing significant religious commitments, but at the same time, my confidence in God’s word to do its work in our lives has only increased. He is meeting us in his Word and at every turn.
7) Lastly, I have begun to treasure a new friendship. Whereas before, RJ was a person with whom I interacted at a few meetings a semester, now I care about what is going on in her life. Friendship is foundational for interfaith dialogue. I have always believed so and am more convinced than ever. I have so enjoyed interacting with a peer (not to put down what students can do or can bring to discussions). I wish there were a Muslim woman peer with whom I could also (notice—also, not instead of) share earth- and heaven-shaking ideas and precious lives together.